Bacteria are generally categorized by their shape and the composition of their cell walls:
They break down organic matter, recycling carbon and nutrients back into the ecosystem.
Bacteria reproduce asexually through , a process where a single cell duplicates its DNA and splits into two identical daughter cells. Under optimal conditions, some species can double their population every 20 minutes. They can also exchange DNA through conjugation , which allows for the rapid spread of traits like antibiotic resistance. 3. Ecological and Industrial Importance bacterium
Scientists use a Gram stain to classify them. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer that retains purple dye, while Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner layer and an outer membrane, appearing pink.
Engineered bacteria produce insulin, vaccines, and enzymes used in detergents. 4. Human Health and the Microbiome Bacteria are generally categorized by their shape and
Common forms include cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spirilla (spiral).
In the food industry, bacteria are used to produce yogurt, cheese, pickles, and sauerkraut. They can also exchange DNA through conjugation ,
Many use flagella for movement or pili to adhere to surfaces or exchange genetic material. 2. Reproduction and Growth