In Europe, these usually fall under Category F2 (adult fireworks with a safety distance of at least 8 meters). Specialized versions, like those from manufacturers like Funke Fireworks , may be categorized as P1 sound generators , requiring a 20-meter safety distance due to higher pressure effects.
The concept of the "China-Böller" (Chinese firecracker) traces back to the invention of gunpowder in China during the Song Dynasty (960–1279 AD). Early "natural" firecrackers were simply bamboo stalks ( baozhu ) that exploded when heated. China BГ¶ller Pyro Cracker
Multiple layers of stiff paper (often red) rolled into a tight tube. In Europe, these usually fall under Category F2