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Reef organisms are being studied for potential treatments for cancer, HIV, and cardiovascular diseases. 3. Primary Threats to Coral Health

is absorbed by the ocean, lowering the pH. This reduces the availability of carbonate ions, making it more difficult for corals to calcify and build their skeletons. 3.3 Local Stressors CoralReef.7z

Rising Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) lead to the breakdown of the coral-algal symbiosis. When temperatures exceed a coral's threshold for a prolonged period, the zooxanthellae are expelled, leaving the white calcium carbonate skeleton visible—a process known as bleaching. 3.2 Ocean Acidification Increased atmospheric CO2cap C cap O sub 2 Reef organisms are being studied for potential treatments

Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse and economically valuable ecosystems on Earth. Often referred to as the "rainforests of the sea," they provide essential services including coastal protection, fisheries support, and tourism revenue. However, these ecosystems are under unprecedented threat from global climate change, overfishing, and local pollution. This paper synthesizes current data on reef health, examines the physiological mechanisms of coral bleaching, and evaluates the efficacy of modern restoration techniques. 1. Introduction This reduces the availability of carbonate ions, making

Fringing reefs can absorb up to 97% of wave energy, protecting shorelines from erosion and storm surges.