: Over one-third of those reporting physical assault cited police as the perpetrators .
: There are high rates of substance use often linked to the stress of sex work or coping with discrimination .
: In a study of Cambodian "ladyboys," 40% reported physical assault and 55% reported being forced to have sex against their wishes within a 12-month period . ladyboy abuse
: Many experience systemic abuse such as loss of employment (39%) and denial of housing (20%) .
15 Oct 2019 — Those who are transgender and those who display gender nonconforming traits in childhood are at risk for child abuse and sequelae. National Institutes of Health (.gov) : Over one-third of those reporting physical assault
Abuse can also manifest as medical neglect or unsafe practices:
: Transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals are at a significantly higher risk for child abuse and related long-term trauma . Health and Medical Vulnerabilities : Many experience systemic abuse such as loss
Research indicates high levels of victimization among this population, particularly those in the sex trade: