OrderID , UserID (FK), OrderDate , TotalAmount , Status (Pending/Shipped/Delivered).

Use a DeletedAt timestamp for products instead of removing rows to maintain order history. V. Workflow Logic Selection: User queries the Products table via Categories .

The primary goal of an e-commerce database is to manage the lifecycle of a product from listing to delivery. This design prioritizes a Normalized Relational Model (3NF) to prevent data redundancy and ensure transactional consistency during high-traffic events like flash sales or holiday shopping. II. Core System Entities

💡 A successful database design separates "current state" (Inventory) from "historical record" (Order Items) to ensure financial accuracy. If you'd like to dive deeper, let me know: Do you need the SQL Create Table scripts?

Apply indexes to SKU , UserEmail , and OrderDate for fast lookups.

This paper outlines the architectural framework and database schema for a modern Online Shopping System. It focuses on scalability, data integrity, and the relational mapping required to handle complex e-commerce workflows. I. Executive Summary

A temporary state-holder for potential purchases.

System checks StockQuantity before allowing an "Add to Cart" action.