The transition of Allah from a high god among many to the exclusive deity of a new empire involved several stages: THE EMERGENCE OF ISLAM IN LATE ANTIQUITY | Almuslih
The Quraysh tribe, as guardians of the Kaaba , were known as Ahl Allah ("God’s people"). The Emergence of Islam in Late Antiquity: Allah...
The first Islamic century shared administrative, monetary, and cultural patterns with the Byzantine era , indicating continuity rather than immediate separation. 2. Pre-Islamic Allah: The "High God" The transition of Allah from a high god
Scholars generally agree on the Semitic roots of the word, though they debate the exact path of its development: Description Linguistic Connection A contraction of al-ilāh ("The God"). Common Arabic philology Aramaic Borrowing Borrowed from the Syriac Alāhā or Aramaic ʼElāhā . Biblical Aramaic cognates Semitic Root Derived from the West Semitic creator god ʾIlu (El). Akkadian ilum , Hebrew Eloah 4. The Transformation: Paleo-Islam to Imperial Monotheism Pre-Islamic Allah: The "High God" Scholars generally agree
Meccans believed several goddesses, most notably al-Lāt , al-ʿUzzā , and Manāt , were the daughters of Allah and acted as intercessors.