The Emotional Craft Of Fiction -

Emotion only lands if the reader understands what is at risk.

We don't cry because a character is sad; we cry because we know exactly what that character lost and how much they cared about it. The Emotional Craft of Fiction

Using the weather (rain for sadness) is a classic trope, but Emotional Contrast is often more effective. A character receiving devastating news on a bright, beautiful spring day emphasizes their isolation from the rest of the world. Emotion only lands if the reader understands what is at risk